A study of Lyautey's administration of Morocco in relation to indigenous and Islamic institutions [Ressource électronique] / Alan M. Scham

Ph. D. : Histoire : University of Derham, School of Oriental studies : 1967

Bibliogr. 637-651

The purpose of this thesis is to outline the ma:in :institutional changes made in Morocco during the ear~ phase of the French Protectorate, when a very remarkable man, Marshal Lyautey, held office as the first French Resident General (1912-1925). I have not attempted to discuss !zy"autey's military achievement in pacifying and uniting Morocco, partly at a time when the First World ~.Jar was :in progress; nor to survey the economic developments and social changes which took place. I have limited the thesis to developments in the g'Overmnental apparatus, land and property administration, education system and judicial organization~ I have documented it from the laws and decrees promulgated during the period and published in the Bulletin Official du Protectorat de la ~J2'!blig:ue FranQaise au Maroc. I chose this subject for three principal reasons: no detailed and systematic study of it has yet been done; such a study is ba.c(cy' needed if any historical survey of the Protectorate is to be undertaken (and none has yet been published); !zy"autey1 s works, despite changes of policy under his successors, determined the character of' official institutions in Morocco during the ent:ire period of the Protectorate (1912-19 56). I have presented this study in seven chapters. The first chapter briefly discusses the reasons tiby France wished to make Morocco a Protectorate, and the diplomatic steps taken by the French in accomplishing this. The second chapter discusses Iiyautey' s colonial career, explaining some of the key events -which formed his ideas on colonial administration, and shows how these ideas were applied in :t-1orocco. It gives a background and explanation of events which led to the setting up of the institutions discussed in the following chapters. Chapter lli expla:ins the position of the Government before the establishment of the Protectorate, at central, municipal and tribal level, and how and when the French changed it~ The next chapter, on property, explains the position of property in :t-1orocco aga:in before the French came, how they changed its structure, and h<n-r and from vJhere land for colonization was made ava~lable-;. The fifth chapter discusses the entirely new Franco-Huslirn educational system set up by the French; while the sixth chapter explains the changes and innovations in the judicial organization of the French zone of the Protectorate. The final chapter looks at some aspects of Izy"autey's work in retrospect.