Writing the Twilight : The Arabic poetics of ageing in Medieval Sicily and al-Andalus

In the eleventh century, as Muslim sovereignty in the Western Mediterranean was eroded by both internal divisions and external attacks, Sicily fell to the Normans. At the same time, al-Andalus fragmented into a series of small kingdoms that were then picked off by powerful conquerors. Against this backdrop, Arabic poets made use of their craft to try and explain the changes in their world. Among them were the Andalusian Abū Ishāq and the Sicilian Ibn Hamdīs, both of whom wrote vividly about their own ageing and mortality, as well as about the broader twilight of the worlds they knew.