When parliaments ruled the Middle East : Iraq and Syria, 1946-1963 / Matthieu Rey.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The Ottoman and Mandate Roots of the Parliamentary System -- Experimenting with the Parliamentary System, 1946-49 -- Reform and Change : the Parliamentary System in Iraq and Syria, 1949-54 -- Two New Formulas for the Parliamentary System, 1954-58 -- The Epilogue to the Parliamentary System

"When Parliaments Ruled the Middle East explores three main interrelated issues to clarify what happened between 1946 and 1963 in Iraq and Syria: how and why a parliamentary system prevailed in both countries in the aftermath of the Second World War; what social effects this system triggered and, in turn, how these changes affected the system; and finally, why the elites in both countries were unable to overcome the unrest that brought an end to both a liberal era and to a certain kind of political game. Drawing on a vast array of sources and rich archival research in French, English and Arabic, Matthieu Rey highlights the processes of the parliamentary system in the modern era, which are very common to post-independence countries and to any representative regime. He tackles the intersection of multifaceted political phenomena that were present in that moment in Iraq and Syria, including regular elections, the implementation of emergency law, the freedom of the press, the open expression of opinions, the formation of new political parties, frequent military coups, and the joint exercise of power by members of the old classes and reformist newcomers. Treating this period as neither an epilogue of the liberal order nor a prelude to authoritarianism, and stressing the contingent, improvisatory aspects of political history, Rey fundamentally questions the transitional nature of the period and in doing so proposes new ways and tools of examining it."-- Provided by publisher.