The Oxford handbook of the European Bronze Age [Texte imprimé] / edited by Harry Fokkens and Anthony Harding

Notes bibliogr.

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction: The Bronze Age of Europe / Anthony Harding -- Sources of Information -- Debates in Bronze Age Archaeology -- The Way Ahead -- Conclusion -- pt. I Themes In Bronze Age Archaeology -- 2. Old Father Time: The Bronze Age Chronology of Western Europe / Dirk Brandherm -- Introduction -- Britain and Ireland -- The Netherlands, France, and Belgium -- Iberia -- Conclusion -- 3. Europe 2500 to 2200 BC: Between Expiring Ideologies and Emerging Complexity / Volker Heyd -- Europe at c.2500 BC -- The Period of the `International Spirit' in the Aegean -- New Peripheries in the Balkans and Southern Italy -- Beyond the Peripheries: The Gradual Transmission of New Ideas, Values, and Achievements -- Meeting the Bell Beaker Network -- Conflicting World Views Between 2500 and 2200 BC -- 4.A Little Bit of History Repeating Itself: Theories on the Bell Beaker Phenomenon / Marc Vander Linden -- A Sense of Deja Vu

Contents note continued: From Beakers to Folk: Culture-History (c.1900-1970s) -- From Folk to Elites: Processual Approaches (1970s-early 1990s) -- From Elites to Phenomenon: The Analytical Age (late 19905-Present) -- A Little Bit of History Repeating Itself -- 5. Bronze Age Settlements / Harry Fokkens -- Introduction -- Houses and Households in Anthropological Perspective -- Bronze Age House Architecture -- Explaining Size Differences Between Houses -- The Organization of Household Space -- The Bronze Age Farmstead -- Bronze Age Villages -- Identifying Settlement Hierarchies -- The House-Landscapes of Bronze Age Europe -- Conclusion -- 6. Burials / Mads Kahler Holst -- Introduction -- Bronze Age Burial Traditions -- Individuals and their Artefacts -- The Burial as Event: Activities, Sequences, and Meetings -- Cemeteries, Clusters, and Communities -- The Setting of the Burials -- Conclusion -- 7. Hoards and the Deposition of Metalwork / Richard Bradley.

Contents note continued: Introduction: The Archbishop's Treasure -- Hoards and the Development of Prehistoric Archaeology -- Problems of Interpretation -- Contexts and Contents -- The Role of the Smith -- Some Wider Implications -- Space and Time -- Unfinished Business -- Conclusion -- 8. Monuments and Monumentality in Bronze Age Europe / Timothy Darvill -- Introduction -- Late Chambered Tombs -- Round Barrows, Kurgans, Tumuli, and `fancy barrows' -- Standing Stones, Statue Menhirs, and Stelae -- Pairs and Rows -- Circles and Ovals -- Natural Places, Shafts, and Pools -- Enclosures, Shrines, and Cult Houses -- Conclusion -- 9. Stonehenge / Kate Welham -- Introduction -- A Short History of Recent Research -- Previous Chronological Schemes for Stonehenge -- Before Stonehenge -- Stonehenge Stage 1 (3015-2935 cal BC) -- Stonehenge Stage 2 (2620-2480 cal BC) -- Stonehenge Stage 3 (2480-2280 cal BC) -- Stonehenge Stage 4 (2270-2020 cal BC) -- Stonehenge Stage 5 (1630-1520 cal BC)

Contents note continued: 10. The Contribution of Skeletal Isotope Analysis to Understanding the Bronze Age in Europe / Mandy Jay -- Introduction -- The Techniques -- Factors Reflected by the Different Systems -- Different Skeletal Fractions -- Isotopic Background -- Skeletal Data from Animals -- Migration and Diet Studies -- Existing Data and Interpretations for the European Bronze Age -- The Beaker People Project -- Dietary Studies -- Limitations and Problems -- Future Work -- 11. The Myth of the Chief: Prestige Goods, Power, and Personhood in the European Bronze Age / David Fontijn -- Introduction -- Empirical Issues -- Homo economicus and the Subject-Object Divide -- Power, Hierarchy, and Personhood -- Social and Material Relations in the European Bronze Age -- Conclusion -- 12. Identity, Gender, and Dress in the European Bronze Age / Stig Sorensen -- Introduction -- On Identity and Gender -- Bronze Age Identities.

Contents note continued: The Evidence for the Dressed Person: Men and Women and Other Identities -- Changes through the Bronze Age -- Conclusion -- 13. Warfare in the European Bronze Age / Nick Thorpe -- Introduction -- Weaponry -- Art -- Defended Sites -- Victims of Violence -- The Importance of Variability and Future Research -- 14. Rethinking Bronze Age Cosmology: A North European Perspective / Joakim Goldhahn -- Introduction -- A Brand-New World -- Cosmology and Bronze Age Landscape Cognition -- To Get `something great in exchange for something small' -- Smiths as Cosmologists -- Concluding Remarks: Cosmologies in the Making -- ch. 14A The Sky Disc of Nebra -- 15. Bronze Age Rock Art in Northern Europe: Contexts and Interpretations / Johan Ling -- Introduction -- The Images and Interpretative Trends -- Rock-Art Chronology -- Rock Art and Landscape -- Rock Art and Seascapes -- Excavating Rock Art -- Picturing the Dead -- Theories about Rock Art, Agency, and Society.

Contents note continued: Rock Art Practice and Cosmology -- Rock Art as Social Format -- Conclusion -- 16. Rock Carvings and Alpine Statue-Menhirs, from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Bronze Age / Geoffroy de Saulieu -- Introduction -- Chrono-Cultural Attributes -- The Sites -- Factors Affecting the Form and Content of the Art -- Iconographic Variations -- 17. Bronze Age Fields and Land Division / Robert Johnston -- Introduction -- Prehistoric Land Division: A Historical Perspective -- Classifying Fields -- The Chronology and History of Fields -- Early Fields on the Edges of Europe -- Stone Cairns and Walls in the Western Uplands -- Linear Landscapes in Southern Britain -- `Celtic Fields' in North-West Europe -- Fields, Landscape, and Society -- 18. Animals in Bronze Age Europe / Laszlo Bartosiewicz -- Introduction -- Chronological Framework and the Near Eastern Paradigm -- Trends in Bronze Age Animal Exploitation -- Cattle -- Pig -- Sheep and Goat -- Horse and Ass -- Dog.

Contents note continued: Fowl and Domestic Hen -- Hunting -- Conclusion -- 19. Plant Cultivation in the Bronze Age / Andreas G. Heiss -- Introduction -- Methods -- Regional Overviews -- Individual Cereals, Plants, and Trees -- Conclusion -- 20. Trade and Exchange / Anthony Harding -- The Meaning of Trade -- Sources of Evidence -- Objects Found Outside their Place of Manufacture -- Conclusion: Connectivity in the Bronze Age -- 21. Seafaring and Riverine Navigation in the Bronze Age of Europe / Robert Van de Noort -- Introduction -- Mediterranean Europe -- Atlantic Europe -- Europe's Rivers -- Conclusion: Current Debates and Future Research Directions -- 22. Land Transport in the Bronze Age / Marion Uckelmann -- Introduction -- Speed of Transport and Loads -- Wagons -- Roads and Paths -- Conclusion -- 23. Copper and Bronze: Bronze Age Metalworking in Context / Tobias L. Kienlin -- Approaches to Prehistoric Metalworking -- Prologue: The Beginnings of Metallurgy

Contents note continued: Bronze and the Bronze Age -- Alpine Copper and Bronze Age Mining Communities -- Smelting: Geology-Derived `Stages' and Prehistoric Reality -- Casting and Working: Technological Choice and Compositional `Determinism' -- Metalworking and Society -- 24. Bronze Age Copper Mining in Europe / William O'Brien -- Bronze Age Copper Mines in Europe -- The Search for Copper -- The Approach to Mining -- The Mining Environment -- Mining and Metal Production -- Mining and Society -- 25. Gold and Gold Working of the Bronze Age / Barbara Armbruster -- Introduction -- A History of Research -- The Find Context -- Form and Function -- The Chronological Development of Goldworking -- Methods of Investigation -- The Acquisition of Gold -- Gold Technology -- Beyond the Bronze Age -- 26. Craft Production: Ceramics, Textiles, and Bone / Alice Choyke -- Introduction -- Ceramics -- Textiles -- Worked Bone -- Conclusion -- 27. Glass and Faience / Julian Henderson.

Contents note continued: The Production of Glass and Glassy Materials -- Production Zones -- Bronze Age Faience/Glass in Northern Italy -- Conclusion -- 28. Salt Production in the Bronze Age / Anthony Harding -- Production Using Briquetage -- Coastal and Inland Production in the Mediterranean -- Bronze Age Salt Mining at Hallstatt and Other Rock Salt Sources -- Bronze Age Salt -- 29. Weighing, Commodification, and Money / Christopher Pare -- Introduction -- The Earliest Evidence for Weighing -- Developments in the East Mediterranean in the Later Bronze Age -- Italy and Central Europe -- Weighing in Bronze Age Europe -- Weighing and Commodification -- Conclusion -- pt. II The Bronze Age By Region -- 30. Britain and Ireland in the Bronze Age: Farmers in the Landscape or Heroes on the High Seas? / Benjamin W. Roberts -- Introduction -- Monuments, Burials, and Craftsmanship: Mid Third-Early Second Millennium BC.

Contents note continued: Settlements, Cremations, and Hoards: The Mid Second-Early First Millennium BC -- Conclusion -- 31. The Bronze Age in the Low Countries / David Fontijn -- Introduction -- The Natural Environment and Palaeogeography -- Chronology and Cultural Traditions -- Settlements and Architecture -- Funerary Archaeology -- Treatment of the Dead -- Graves and Grave Goods -- Metalwork and Hoarding, River Depositions -- Conclusion -- 32. The Bronze Age in France / Claude Mordant -- The Geographical and Cultural Framework -- Settlements and the Use of Space -- Funerary Practice and Beliefs -- Metal Production -- Conclusion -- 33. Bronze Age Iberia / Roberto Risch -- The Early Bronze Age (c.2200-1550 cal BC) -- The Late Bronze Age (c.1550-1300 cal BC) -- The Final Bronze Age (c.1300-900 cal BC) -- 34. The Bronze Age in the Balearic Islands / Roberto Risch -- The First Phase of Human Population in Mallorca and Menorca (c.2300-1600 cal BC).

Contents note continued: The Naviform Group (c.1600-1100/1000 cal BC) -- The Proto-Talayotic Period (c. 1100/1000-850 cal BC) -- 35. Peninsular Italy / Bietti Sestieri -- Introduction -- The Cultural Sequence -- Conclusion -- 36. The Bronze Age in Sicily / Bietti Sestieri -- The Early Bronze Age (c.2200-1500 BC) -- The Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1250 BC) -- The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages (c.13th-9th Centuries BC) -- The Final Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Aeolian Islands and Sicily (c.11th-9th Centuries BC) -- 37. The Bronze Age in Sardinia / Fulvia Lo Schiavo -- A Large Island: Almost a Continent -- Issues of Chronology -- The Nuragic Civilization -- The `Nuraghi Golden Age' -- The End of the Bronze Age and Beginning of the Iron Age -- The Coming of the Age of Iron -- 38. Northern Italy / Franco Nicolis -- Introduction -- Chronology -- Cultural Development -- Funerary Rites -- Ritual, Cult, and Religion -- Conclusion.

Contents note continued: 39. Switzerland and the Central Alps / Philippe Della Casa -- Environment, Climate, Settlement -- Chronology and Chorology -- Settlement Topography, Settlement Structures -- Economic Background -- Society and Ideology -- 40. Germany in the Bronze Age / Albrecht Jockenhovel -- Introduction -- Central and Southern Germany -- Eastern Germany: The Lausitz Culture -- Northern Germany: The Nordic Bronze Age -- Settlement -- 41. Scandinavia / Henrik Thrane -- Introduction -- Cultural Development and Diversity -- Chronology and Regional Differentiation -- Settlement -- Agriculture and Land Use -- Mounds -- Burials -- Arts and Crafts -- Rock Carvings -- Trade and Transport -- Hoards and Votive Deposits -- Conclusion -- 42. The Bronze Age in the Polish Lands / Janusz Czebreszuk -- Introduction: The Natural Environment -- Historic Regions of Polish Territory -- Cultural Chronology -- The Cultural Sequence -- The Middle Bronze Age.

Contents note continued: The Late Bronze Age/Hallstatt Period -- Settlement and Economy -- Burials -- Material Culture -- Industries Based on Other Raw Materials -- Other Aspects of Social Life in the Bronze Age -- Conclusion -- 43. The Czech Lands and Austria in the Bronze Age / Alexandra Krenn-Leeb -- Introduction: Natural Environment and Landscapes -- Cultural Sequence and Chronology -- Settlement and Settlements -- Funerary Archaeology: Implications for Society and Identity -- Material Culture -- 44. Slovakia and Hungary / Gabor Ilon -- Setting and Natural Conditions -- Chronology -- The Early Bronze Age (c.2500/2300-1500/1450 cal BC) -- The Middle Bronze Age (c.1500/1450-1200/1150 cal BC) -- The Late and Final Bronze Age (c.1250/1150-800/750 cal BC) -- The End of the Bronze Age -- 45. The Western Balkans in the Bronze Age / Snjezana Karavanic -- Introduction: Geography and Environment -- Settlements and their Social Implications -- Burial Rites and their Social Implications

Contents note continued: 46. Castellieri-Gradine of the Northern Adriatic / Kristina Mihovilic -- A History of Research -- The Characteristics of Castellieri-Gradine -- Economy -- Chronology -- 47. Romania, Moldova, and Bulgaria / Nikolaus Boroffka -- A History of Research -- Chronology and Terminology -- Cultural Evolution -- Metal -- Transport and the Symbolic Meaning of Vehicles -- Conclusion -- 48. Ukraine and South Russia in the Bronze Age / Hermann Parzinger -- The Foundations of Bronze Age Cultural Development: The Eneolithic -- Arsenical Bronzes, Wagons, and Domestic Horses: The Beginnings of the Bronze Age -- Consolidation and Further Development: From the Catacomb Culture to the Srubnaya Culture -- The Heyday of Bronze Age Cultural Relationships: From Sabatinovka to Belozerka -- The End of the Bronze Age and Beginnings of Horse-Borne Nomadism