000			03165nab a2200349 i 4500
001			a660315
003			SIRSI
008			s2006 s 000 eng d
009			660315
040			_aFRAS _bfre _cFRAS _dFRAS _eAFNOR
043			_af-mr--- _af-ua---
072			_aOM
082	0	4	_a333.9130964 _223E
084			_a333.91
245	1	0	_aPolicy options to improve water allocation efficiency _h[Ressource électronique] : _banalysis on Egypt and Morocco / _cLixia He, Wallace E. Tyner, Rachid Doukkali... [et al.]
300			_ap. 320-337
504			_aBibliogr. p. 334-337
520			_aBecause of political risk, economic feasibility, and cultural concerns, it has been a great challenge for economists to provide palatable remedies to governments to promote water allocation efficiency. Considering the limitation of water pricing to irrigation water, this research addresses questions of which strategic policy alternatives to water pricing might improve irrigation water allocation efficiency. An empirical framework is provided to compare irrigation policies for allocating scarce water to agricultural production in Egypt and Morocco. Partial-equilibrium agricultural sector models specific to Egypt and Morocco were employed for policy tests. Consumer and producer surplus from agricultural based commodities is maximized subject to various resources, technical, and policy constraints. Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) was used to calibrate the model. Water pricing policy, water complementary input factor tax policy, and output tax policy are tested using these two agricultural sector models. Results suggest that effective policy depends on the social, economic, and environmental contexts of specific regions. For countries like Egypt where most agricultural land is irrigated, taxes on Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and energy and output tax on water-intensive and low profit crop production may be more effective than others. For the Moroccan case, taxation on crop inputs and outputs not only affect water use in the public irrigation sector, but also private irrigation sector and rain-fed as a whole. Water pricing and output tax policies are better suited and effective than water complementary input factor taxation. Findings from Morocco might be generalized to other countries with similar irrigation characteristics and diversity in irrigated (public and private) and rain-fed land. The results for both countries demonstrate that some of the strategic irrigation policies can work towards directing cropping decisions to less water intensive crops and also generating revenues for governments in situations where governments choose not to price water
650		4	_aIRRIGATION _91964
650		4	_aALIMENTATION EN EAU _91965
653			_aPolitique de l'eau
651		4	_aMAROC _91085
651		4	_aEGYPTE _92041
773	0		_tWater International. - _gVol. 31, n. 3, 2006, p. 320-337. - _d[S.l.] : Taylor & Francis, 2006. - _x0250-8060
856			_uhttp://www.fondation.org.ma/dsp/index/a660315-20
930			_a660315
931			_aa660315
990			_aamiri
035			_a1201718509
951			_aCM
999			_c602801 _d602801